Coastal ecosystems refer to the diverse habitats found along the edge of the land and sea, including beaches, dunes, mangroves, salt marshes, and estuaries. These ecosystems are highly productive and support a wide variety of plant and animal species, playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing a range of ecosystem services. Coastal ecosystems are also important for protecting the shorelines from erosion and storm damage, as well as for providing food and recreational opportunities for humans. However, these ecosystems are facing a range of threats, including pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change, which are putting their health and resilience at risk. Research in this area aims to understand the functioning of coastal ecosystems, the impacts of human activities, and to develop sustainable management practices to conserve and protect these valuable habitats.